CHAPTER 3

FLUID FLOW THEORY

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Introduction
Fluid staticsfluid pressureabsolute pressures gauge pressures
       head
Fluid dynamics
Mass balancecontinuity equation
Energy balance
Potential energy
Kinetic energy
Pressure energy
Friction loss
Mechanical energy
Other effects
Bernouilli's equationflow from a nozzle
Viscosityshear forcesviscous forces
Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Fluidspower law equation
Streamline and turbulent flowdimensionless ratios
       Reynolds number
Energy losses in flow
Friction in PipesFanning equationHagen Poiseuille equation
       Blasius equationpipe roughnessMoody graph
Energy Losses in Bends and Fittings
Pressure Drop through Equipment
Equivalent Lengths of Pipe
Compressibility Effects for Gases
Calculation of Pressure Drops in Flow Systems
Summary
Problems

Examples in this Chapter:
3.1. Total pressure in a tank of peanut oil
3.2. Head of Water
3.3. Head of mercury
3.4. Velocities of flow
3.5. Pressure in a pipe
3.6. Flow rate of olive oil
3.7. Mass flow rate from a tank
3.8. Pump horsepower
3.9. Flow of milk in a pipe
3.10. Pressure drop in a pipe

Figures in this Chapter:
3.1. Pressure in a fluid
3.2. Pressure conversions
3.3. Mass and energy balance in fluid flow
3.4. Flow from a nozzle.
3.5. Viscous forces in a fluid.
3.6. Shear stress/shear rate relationships in liquids.
3.7. Energy balance over a length of pipe.
3.8 Friction factors in pipe flow.